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Topic | Antioxidants Glutathione NAC
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Summary | A study published in the European Journal of Clinical Investigation found that NAC (N-acetylcysteine) increased levels of an important antioxidant called glutathione in HIV-positive individuals. The study did not find any changes in viral load or immune cell counts. However, a follow-up study showed that those who took NAC had a lower risk of death compared to those who did not. The study was conducted in San Francisco and was supported by various organizations. NAC supplements will soon be available under the brand name PharmaNAC.
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[Disclosure: The senior authors of the NAC study reported here, Drs. LA Herzenberg, both Ph.D., of the Department of Genetics at Stanford University, are on the board of AIDS Treatment News Associates, our nonprofit arm which helps fund newsletter subscriptions for prisoners, persons with low income, and others who cannot pay for copies. The Herzenbergs have a use patent for NAC in the treatment of HIV infection, and have pledged any proceeds to further research.]
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A placebo-controlled trial in over 60 HIV-positive volunteers found that NAC (N-acetylcysteine) significantly increased abnormally low blood and T-cell levels of glutathione, an important antioxidant found in every cell in the body and essential for life.1 The report was published October 1 in the European Journal of Clinical Investigation.
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De Rosa SC, Zaretsky MD, Dubs JG, Roederer M, Anderson M, Green A, Mitra D, Watanabe N, Nakamura H, Tjioe I, Deresinski SC, Moore WA, Ela SW, Parks D, Herzenberg LA, and Herzenberg LA. N-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione in HIV infection. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2000; volume 30, pages 841-856. Herzenberg L.A., De Rosa SC, Dubs JG and others. Glutathione deficiency is associated with impaired survival in HIV disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 1997; volume 94, number 5, pages 1967-1972. Choi J, Leu RM, Kunda RK, and others. Molecular mechanism of decreased glutathione content in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat-transgenic mice. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2000; volume 275, number 5, pages 3693-3698. Breitkreutz R, Holm S, Pittack N, and others. Massive loss of sulfur in HIV infection. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. 2000; volume 16, number 3, pages 203-209. Breitkreutz R, Pittack N, Nebe CT, and others. Improvement of immune functions in HIV infection by sulfur supplementation: Two randomized trials. Journal of Molecular Medicine. 2000; volume 78, number 1, pages 55-62. De Flora S, Grassi C, and Carati L. Attenuation of influenza-like symptomatology and improvement of cell-mediated immunity with long-term N-acetylcysteine treatment. European Respiratory Journal. 1997; volume 10, number 7, pages 1535-1541.
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