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This letter was rejected by the Medical Journal of Australia on 12th August 2003. |
The response was “Many thanks for your recent contribution to the Journal. Your manuscript was discussed at the Editorial Committee Meeting and unfortunately the outcome was that we would not proceed with peer review or publication. As you are probably aware, the competition for space in the journal is now particularly fierce and we have to, by necessity, reject many deserving articles. We are sorry to disappoint you and hope you are successful in securing publication elsewhere. With kind regards, Dr. Ann T Gregory, Deputy Editor”
Paper at http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/178_11_020603/osu10738_fm.html
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10. Matthews R, Smith D, Midgley J, Burnie J, Clark I, Connolly M, et al. Candida and AIDS: Evidence for protective antibody. Lancet 1988;ii:263-266.
11. Kashala O, Marlink R, Ilunga M, Diese M, Gormus B, Xu K, et al. Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T cell lymphotropic viruses among leprosy patients and contacts: correlation between HIV-1 cross-reactivity and antibodies to lipoarabinomannan. J Infect Dis 1994;169:296-304.
12. Tessema TA, Bjune G, Hamasur B, Svenson S, Syre H, Bjorvatn B. Circulating antibodies to lipoarabinomannan in relation to sputum microscopy, clinical features and urinary anti-lipoarabinomannan detection in pulmonary tuberculosis. Scand J Infect Dis 2002;34(2):97-103.
13. Packet Insert Axsym system (HIV-1/HIV-2). Abbott LaboratoriesDiagnostics Division. 100 Abbott Park Rd. Abbott Park. Illinois: United States of America. 1988, 1998.
14. Griner PF, Mayewski RJ, Mushlin AI. Selection and interpretation of diagnostic tests and procedures. Ann Int Med 1981;94:559-563.
15. Genelabs Diagnostics Pty Ltd HIV BLOT 2.2 Instruction Manual. Singapore; 1999.
16. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Focus on the HIV-AIDS Connection. 2001. http://www.niaid.nih.gov/newsroom/focuson/hiv00/default.htm
17. Wintrobe WM, Richard Lee G, Boggs DR, Bithell TC, Foerster J, Athens JW, et al. Clinical Hematology. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1981.
18. Brigden M. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Still a helpful test when used judiciously. Postgrad Med 1998;103:257-62, 272-4.
19. Papadopulos-Eleopulos E, Turner VF, Papadimitriou JM, Alfonso H, Page BAP, Causer D, et al. High rates of HIV seropositivity in Africa-alternative explanation. Int J STD AIDS 2003;14:426-427.
20. Rogers v. Whitaker (1992) 175 CLR 479 F.C. 92/045. The High Court of Australia; 1992.
http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/disp.pl/au/cases/cth/high_ct/175clr479.html?query=%22roger%22+and+%22whitaker%22
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22. World Medical Association. The Declaration of Helsinki; 2000. www.wma.net/e/ethicsunit/pdf/chapter_4_decl_of_helsinki.pdf
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Global criteria defining a positive HIV Western
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blot
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AFR=Africa1 AUS=Australia2 FDA=US Food and Drug Administration3 RCX=US Red Cross3 CDC=US Centers for Disease Control3 CON=US Consortium for Retrovirus Serology Standardization3 GER=Germany UK=United Kingdom FRA=France MACS= US Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study 1987-1992. * Bands not in electrophoretic orderNOTESorder
NOTES:
I. “The Association of Public Health Laboratories now recommends that patients who have minimal positive results on the WB, eg p24 and gp160 only, or gp41 and gp160 only, be told that these patterns have been seen in persons who are not infected with HIV and that follow-up testing is required to determine actual infective status”.4II4
II. In February 1993 the US Food and Drug Administration relaxed their criteria in order to “reduce the number of HIV-1 seroindeterminate Western blot interpretations”, that is, to increase the number of HIV positive individuals.51. 5
WHO. (1990). Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Proposed criteria for interpreting results from Western blot assays for HIV-1, HIV-2 and HTLV-I/HTLV-II. Weekly Epidemiological Record 65:281-298.
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Healy DS, Maskill WJ, Howard TS, et al. (1992). HIV-1 Western blot: development and assessment of testing to resolve indeterminate reactivity. AIDS 6:629-633.
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Lundberg GD. (1988). Serological Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection by Western blot Testing. Journal of the American Medical Association 260:674-679. (Data presented in this paper reveal that when the FDA criteria are used to interpret the HIV Western blot less than 50% of US AIDS patients are HIV positive whereas 10% of persons not at risk of AIDS are also positive).
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Mylonakis E, Paliou M, Greenbough TC, Flaningan TP, Letvin NL, Rich JD. Report of a false-positive HIV test result and the potential use of additional tests in establishing HIV serostatus. Archives of Internal Medicine 2000;160:2386-8.
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Keinman S, Busch MP, Hall L, et al. (1998). False-positive HIV-1 test results in a low -risk screening setting of voluntary blood donation. Journal of the American Medical Association 280:1080-1083.