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Author

  • Tom Bethell

Publisher

  • Spin

Category

  • Cause of AIDS

Topic

  • Real Cause of AIDS

  • Nitrite Inhalants

  • Poppers

Article Type

  • Editorial Article

Publish Year

  • 1994

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Meta Description

  • In 1994, scientists at Columbia University found traces of a potential new virus in deceased AIDS patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, using a new technique.

Summary

  • The article discusses the research and findings related to the connection between AIDS and the use of nitrite inhalants, commonly known as poppers. Dr. Harry Haverkos, the director of the Office of AIDS at the National Institute on Drug Abuse, has been investigating this connection for over ten years. The article mentions a press conference held by scientists who claimed to have found traces of a newly detected virus in tissue from deceased AIDS patients. It also discusses a study on mice that examined the effects of nitrite inhalants. The article highlights the controversy surrounding the role of nitrites in AIDS and the lack of support for further research in this area. Overall, the article explores the potential link between nitrite inhalants and AIDS and the need for more investigation.

Meta Tag

  • AIDS

  • Nitrite Inhalants

  • Poppers

  • Dr. Harry Haverkos

  • National Institute on Drug Abuse

  • Kaposi's Sarcoma

  • Columbia University

  • Yuan Chang

  • Patrick S. Moore

  • Representational Difference Analysis

  • Virus

  • Research

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By Tom Bethell
Spin, November, 1994.

...

Tom Bethell is Washington correspondent of the American Spectator. He wrote this article while he was a Media Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University. An abbreviated version of this article was published in Spin, November, 1994.

References

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  1. Altman, L.K., 1981. Rare Cancer Seen in 41 Homosexuals. New York Times, July 3.

  2. Altman, L.K., 1994a. Apparent Virus May Be a Cause of Fatal Cancer in AIDS Patients. New York Times, December 16, p. I.

  3. Altman, L.K., 1994b. Going off the beaten path to track down clues about AIDS. New York Times, December 16, p. 1.

  4. Bogumill, M., 1994. Letter to ProfHee, Feb 14.

  5. Brunton, T.L., 1867. On the use of nitrite of amyl in angina pectoris. Lancet ii: 97­98.

  6. CDC, 1981a. Pneumocystis pneumonia­ Los Angeles. MMWR 1981; 30:250.

  7. CDC, 1981b. Kaposi's Sarcoma and Pneumocystis Among Homosexual Men ­ New York City and Califomia. MMWR; 30: 305.

  8. CDC, 1981c. MMWR, 30: 409­410; Aug 28,1981.

  9. CDC, 1994. Author's interview with Skinner, August 1994.

  10. Chang, Y., E. Cesarman, M.S. Pessin, E Lee, J. Culpepper, D.M. Knowles & PS. Moore, 1994. Identification of HerpesvirusLike DNA Sequences in AlDS­Associated Kaposi's Sarcoma. Science266: 1865­1869.

  11. Cohen, J., 1994. Is a New Virus the Cause of KS? Science 266: 1803­4.

  12. Conant, M., 1994. (no formal study) faxed communication to author, August.

  13. Dax, E.M., W.H. Adler, J.E. Nagel, W.R. Lange & J.H. Jaffe, 1991. Immunopharmocology and Immunotoxicology 13: 577­587.

  14. Duesberg, R. 1994a. Author's interview, August.

  15. Duesberg, R. 1994b. Personal communication, December,

  16. Etheridge, E.W., 1992. Sentinel for Health. Univ of Calif., Berkeley, p 326.

  17. Everett, G.M., 1972. Effects of Amyl Nitrite ('Poppers') on Sexual Experience. Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality 6: 146. Friedman­Kien, A.E., B.R. Saltzan, Y. Cao, M.S. Nestor, M. Mirabile, J.J. Li & T.A. Peterman, 1990. Kaposi's sarcoma in HlV­negative homosexual men. The Lancet 335: 168­169.

  18. Goode, E. & R. Troiden, 1979. Amyl Nitrite Use Among Homosexual Men. Am. J. Psychiatry 136:8.

  19. Haley, T.J., 1980. Review of the physiological effects of amyl, butyl and isobutyl nitrites. Clinical Toxicology 16: 317­329.

  20. Haverkos, H.W., R Pinsky, R Drotman & D.J. Bregman, 1985. Disease Manifestation among Homosexual Men with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: A Possible Role of Nitrites in Kaposi's Sarcoma. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 12: 4.

  21. Haverkos, H.W. & J.A. Dougherty, 1988. Health Hazards of Nitrite Inhalants. NIDA Research Monograph 83, 50­59.

  22. Haverkos, H.W., 1994. This and other quotations, from author's several interviews with Haverkos in 1994.

  23. Hee, S.Q., 1993. Letter to Rep. Waxman, Dec 10.

  24. Jaffe, H., 1994. Author's telephone interview, August.

  25. Koshland, D., 1993. In Duesberg's research proposal to NIDA, 'And mal tests of the AIDS risks of nitrite inhalants', Aug 27.

  26. Krieger, L.M., 1994. AlDS­related Cancer linked to Herpes Virus San Francisco Examiner, December 16, p. A­l.

  27. Labataille, L., 1975. Amyl Nitrite employed in homosexual relations. Med. Aspects Human Sexuality 9: 122.

  28. Lauritsen, J., 1994a. The Poppers­ KS Connection. New York Native, June 13.

  29. Lauritsen, J., 1994b. NIH reconsiders nitrites' link to AIDS Bio/Technology 12:762.

  30. Lemp, G.F, A.M. Hirozawa, D. Givertz, G.N. Nieri, L. Anderson, M.L. Lindegren, R.S. Janssen & M. Katz, 1994. Seroprevalence of HIV and Risk Behaviors Among Young Homosexual and Bisexual Men. JAMA, 449­454.

  31. Marmor, M., A.E. Friedman­Kien, L. Laubenstein,R.D. Bryum, D.C. William, S. D'Onofrio & N. Dubin, 1982. Risk Factors for Kaposi's Sarcoma in Homosexual Men. The Lancet, 1086.

  32. Mirvish, S., J. Williamson, D. Babcook & S. Chen, 1993. Mutagenicity of Iso­Butyl Nitrite Vapor in the AmesTest and Some Relevant Chemical Properties. Environmental and MolecuLu Mutagenesis 21: 247­252.

  33. Nickerson, M., 1975. Vasodilator drugs. In: The Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics, 5th ed, N.Y. Macmillan; p 727­743.

  34. Ortiz, J.S. & V.L. Rivera, 1988. in Haverkos, 1988, pp.59­73.

  35. Perlman, D., 1993. New Doubts About Link Between HIV, Kaposi's. San Francisco Chronicle, Dec I A3.

  36. Polk, B.E, R. Fox, R. Brookmeyer, S. Kanchanaraksa, R. Kaslow B. Visscher, C. Rinaldo & J. Phair, 1987. Predictors of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome developing in a cohort of seropositive homosexual men. N. Engl. J. Med. 316: 62­6.

  37. Shilts, R., 1987. And The Band Played On. St. Martin's Press, N.Y. pp 86­87.

  38. Sigell, L.T., F.T. Kapp, G.A. Fusaro, E.D. Nelson & R.S. Falck, 1978. Popping and Snorting Volatile Nitrites: A Current Fad for Getting High. Am. J. Psychiatry 135: 1216­1218.

  39. Smith, D.E., 1972. Commentary. Med. Asp. Hum. Sex. 6: 151. Soderberg, L. & J.B. garnet, 1991. Exposure to inhaled isobutyl nitrites reduces T­cell blastogenesis and antibody responsiveness. Fundam. Applied Toxicol.17: 821­824.

  40. U.S. public Health Service, 1983. What Gay and Bisexual Men Should Know About AIDS (brochure). A copy was made available by Hank Wilson.

  41. Wilson, H., 1993. Author's interview, December.

  42. Wilson, H., 1994a. Prevalence of Popper Use, S.E Hepatitis B­City Clinic Cohort, unpublished report, S.F. AIDS office Dec 27, 1993, available from Hank Wilson.

  43. Wilson, H., 1994b. Hank Wilson has collected and made available ad copy from a wide variety of gay publications.

  44. Wilson, H., 1994c. Author's interview, August.