...
Chemical [2] and biological [1] stressors produce degenerative-immunogenic effects [6] on immunocompetent cells. On the other hand, physical [3], mental [4], nutritional [5], and chemical [2] stressors, produce degenerative-immunotoxic effects [7] on these same cells.
Graphic #1 |
|---|
 |
The immunogenic [6] and immunotoxic [7] effects on cells involved in the immune response [8] are responsible for a variety of alterations upon different steps of the immune response, such as; disturbances in antigen processing [10], lymphocyte activation [11], lymphocyte proliferation [12], lymphocyte differentiation [13], cytokine production [14], cytotoxic effect [15], and antibody production [16].
...